Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 44
Therefore, when, in 1773, he came from Maui to take the reins of government in his hands, it was very important for him to keep the friendship of the high chiefs who had given him the position.
Who acts: Kahahana, it, high chiefs · What happens: come, take, be, keep, give · To what, where: 1773, reins, hands, friendship, position, Kahahana
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kahahana, it, high chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 9 came | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Therefore | punct |
| 3 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 came | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 1773 | punct |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1773 | case |
| 6 | 1773 | 1773 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 came | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 1773 | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 came | nsubj |
| 9 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 Maui | case |
| 11 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 came | obl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 take | mark |
| 13 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 came | advcl |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 reins | det |
| 15 | reins | rein | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 take | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 government | case |
| 17 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 reins | nmod |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 hands | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 hands | nmod:poss |
| 20 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 take | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 important | punct |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 important | nsubj |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 important | cop |
| 24 | very | very | ADV | _ | 25 important | advmod |
| 25 | important | important | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 came | conj |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 him | case |
| 27 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 important | obl |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 keep | mark |
| 29 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 important | csubj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 friendship | det |
| 31 | friendship | friendship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 keep | obj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 chiefs | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 chiefs | det |
| 34 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 chiefs | amod |
| 35 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 friendship | nmod |
| 36 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 given | nsubj |
| 37 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 given | aux |
| 38 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 35 chiefs | acl:relcl |
| 39 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 given | iobj |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 position | det |
| 41 | position | position | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 given | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | Kahahana | 1773 | from Maui; therefore property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from maui=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | take | to-infinitive | Kahahana not said here | the reins of government | Kahahana's hands | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent rein=Value in hand=Location | |||
| 3 | is | past | it | for Kahahana; important property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | keep | to-infinitive | the friendship of the high chiefs | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Theme | |||||
| 5 | give | past · perfect | the high chiefs | the position | Kahahana | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient position=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/13/44/