Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 48
He spoke of the experience gained in the wars between the kings of Maui and Hawaii, and stated that the bestowal of the ivory and the temple lands upon Kahekili might readily be granted as an honourable return from the chiefs of Oahu for the training given to their young king.
Who acts: Kahahana, experience, bestowal · What happens: speak, gain, state, land, grant, give · To what, where: Kahekili, training, young king, ivory · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kahahana, experience, bestowal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 spoke | nsubj |
| 2 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 6 gained | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 experience | det |
| 5 | experience | experience | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 gained | nsubj |
| 6 | gained | gain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 spoke | ccomp |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 wars | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 wars | det |
| 9 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 gained | obl |
| 10 | between | between | ADP | _ | 12 kings | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 kings | det |
| 12 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 wars | nmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Maui | case |
| 14 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 kings | nmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 Hawaii | cc |
| 16 | Hawaii | Hawaii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Maui | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 stated | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 stated | cc |
| 19 | stated | state | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 spoke | advcl |
| 20 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 lands | mark |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 bestowal | det |
| 22 | bestowal | bestowal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 lands | nsubj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 ivory | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 ivory | det |
| 25 | ivory | ivory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bestowal | nmod |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 temple | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 temple | det |
| 28 | temple | temple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bestowal | conj |
| 29 | lands | land | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 stated | advcl |
| 30 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 35 granted | mark |
| 31 | Kahekili | Kahekili | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 granted | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 granted | aux |
| 33 | readily | readily | ADV | _ | 35 granted | advmod |
| 34 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 35 granted | aux:pass |
| 35 | granted | grant | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 lands | advcl |
| 36 | as | as | ADP | _ | 39 return | case |
| 37 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 return | det |
| 38 | honourable | honourable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 return | amod |
| 39 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 granted | obl |
| 40 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 chiefs | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 chiefs | det |
| 42 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 return | nmod |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 Oahu | case |
| 44 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 chiefs | nmod |
| 45 | for | for | ADP | _ | 47 training | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 training | det |
| 47 | training | training | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 return | nmod |
| 48 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 47 training | acl |
| 49 | to | to | ADP | _ | 52 king | case |
| 50 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 king | nmod:poss |
| 51 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 king | amod |
| 52 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 given | obl |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | Kahahana | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | gain | past | the experience | in the wars between the kings of Maui and Hawaii | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in war=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | state speech: other | past | Kahahana not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | land | present | the bestowal of the ivory and the temple | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | grant | might · passive | Kahekili | as a honourable return from the chiefs of Oahu for the training; readily property | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 6 | give | participle | the training not said here | bestowal's young king | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to king=Recipient | ||||
| 7 | bestow | the ivory | nom bestowal «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/13/48/