Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 76
This rather full argument from the lips of the high priest shows the exceedingly strong hold which the tabus and worship of the gods had upon the most enlightened and upright men of the days immediately preceding the discovery of the islands by Captain Cook.
Who acts: full argument, tabus, strong hold, upright men, gods · What happens: show, have, enlighten, precede, worship, discover · To what, where: strong hold, discovery, islands
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (full argument, tabus, strong hold, upright men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 argument | det |
| 2 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 3 full | advmod |
| 3 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 argument | amod |
| 4 | argument | argument | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shows | nsubj |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 lips | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 lips | det |
| 7 | lips | lip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 argument | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 priest | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 priest | det |
| 10 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 priest | amod |
| 11 | priest | priest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lips | nmod |
| 12 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 hold | det |
| 14 | exceedingly | exceedingly | ADV | _ | 15 strong | advmod |
| 15 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 hold | amod |
| 16 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shows | obj |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 had | obj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 tabus | det |
| 19 | tabus | tabus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 had | nsubj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 worship | cc |
| 21 | worship | worship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 tabus | conj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 gods | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 gods | det |
| 24 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 worship | nmod |
| 25 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 hold | acl:relcl |
| 26 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 29 enlightened | mark |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 enlightened | det |
| 28 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 29 enlightened | advmod |
| 29 | enlightened | enlighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 had | xcomp |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 preceding | cc |
| 31 | upright | upright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 men | amod |
| 32 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 preceding | nsubj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 days | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 days | det |
| 35 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 men | nmod |
| 36 | immediately | immediately | ADV | _ | 37 preceding | advmod |
| 37 | preceding | precede | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 enlightened | conj |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 discovery | det |
| 39 | discovery | discovery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 preceding | obj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 islands | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 islands | det |
| 42 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 discovery | nmod |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 45 Cook | case |
| 44 | Captain | Captain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 Cook | compound |
| 45 | Cook | Cook | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 preceding | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 shows | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | this full argument from the lips of the high priest | the strong hold | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hold=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | have | past | the tabus and worship of the gods | the strong hold | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | enlighten | participle | the strong hold not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | precede | gerund | upright men of the days | the discovery of the islands | by Captain Cook; immediately property | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme discovery=Co-Theme | |||
| 5 | worship | the gods | nom worship «act intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 6 | discover | the islands | nom discovery «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/13/76/