Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 9
When this objection had been overruled by the high chiefess, who had been sent from Oahu to bring back the young king, Kahekili again delayed proceedings by refusing to permit the young wife to go with him.
Who acts: high chiefess · What happens: overrule, send, bring back, refuse, not permit, go · To what, where: objection, high chiefess, Oahu, young king, young wife
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (high chiefess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 overruled | advmod |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 objection | det |
| 3 | objection | objection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 overruled | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 overruled | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 overruled | aux:pass |
| 6 | overruled | overrule | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 chiefess | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 chiefess | det |
| 9 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 chiefess | amod |
| 10 | chiefess | chiefess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 overruled | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 sent | punct |
| 12 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 sent | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 sent | aux |
| 14 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 sent | aux:pass |
| 15 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 chiefess | acl:relcl |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 Oahu | case |
| 17 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 sent | obl |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 bring | mark |
| 19 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 sent | advcl |
| 20 | back | back | ADV | _ | 19 bring | advmod |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 king | det |
| 22 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 king | amod |
| 23 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 bring | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 proceedings | punct |
| 25 | Kahekili | Kahekili | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 proceedings | compound |
| 26 | again | again | ADV | _ | 27 delayed | advmod |
| 27 | delayed | delayed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 proceedings | amod |
| 28 | proceedings | proceedings | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 6 overruled | obl |
| 29 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 30 refusing | mark |
| 30 | refusing | refuse | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 overruled | advcl |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 permit | mark |
| 32 | permit | permit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 refusing | xcomp |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 wife | det |
| 34 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 wife | amod |
| 35 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 permit | obj |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 go | mark |
| 37 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 wife | acl |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 39 him | case |
| 39 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 go | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 overruled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | overrule | past · perfect · passive | the high chiefess | this objection | Kahekili delayed proceedings obl | tree rules | |||
| 2 | send | past · perfect · passive | the high chiefess | Oahu | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: subject=Theme from oahu=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | bring back | to-infinitive | the young king | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument king=Destination | |||||
| 4 | refuse | gerund | the high chiefess not said here | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | not permit | to-infinitive | the high chiefess not said here | the young wife | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wife=Theme | ||||
| 6 | go | to-infinitive | the high chiefess not said here | the young wife not said here | with King | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with he=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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