Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 102
If they found themselves in opposing ranks, and one was taken prisoner, his friend was bound to obtain his freedom, and there is no record in all the legends and traditions that this singular friendship ever made default.”
Who acts: men, friend, record · What happens: find, oppose, take, be, obtain, make · To what, where: men, ranks, one, freedom, singular friendship
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, friend, record), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 3 found | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 found | nsubj |
| 3 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 3 found | obj |
| 5 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 6 opposing | mark |
| 6 | opposing | oppose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 found | advcl |
| 7 | ranks | rank | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 opposing | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 taken | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 taken | cc |
| 10 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 taken | aux:pass |
| 12 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 found | conj |
| 13 | prisoner | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 taken | xcomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 bound | punct |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 friend | nmod:poss |
| 16 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 bound | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 bound | cop |
| 18 | bound | bound | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 taken | conj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 obtain | mark |
| 20 | obtain | obtain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 bound | csubj |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 freedom | nmod:poss |
| 22 | freedom | freedom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 obtain | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 is | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 is | cc |
| 25 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 26 is | expl |
| 26 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 found | parataxis |
| 27 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 28 record | det |
| 28 | record | record | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 is | nsubj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 legends | case |
| 30 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 32 legends | det:predet |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 legends | det |
| 32 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 record | nmod |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 traditions | cc |
| 34 | traditions | tradition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 legends | conj |
| 35 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 made | obj |
| 36 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 38 friendship | det |
| 37 | singular | singular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 friendship | amod |
| 38 | friendship | friendship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 made | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 40 made | advmod |
| 40 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 legends | acl |
| 41 | default | default | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 made | xcomp |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 is | punct |
| 43 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 is | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past | men = man | men = man | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Topic | ||||
| 2 | oppose | gerund | men = man not said here | ranks | vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rank=Patient | ||||
| 3 | take | past · passive | one | prisoner xcomp | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | past | mast's friend | bound property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | obtain | to-infinitive | friend's freedom | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset freedom=Theme | |||||
| 6 | be | present | no record in all legends and traditions | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | make | participle · passive | this singular friendship | ever | all legends and traditions obj; default xcomp | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary that=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/14/102/