Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 170
On into the sand hills they rushed, chanting their song of victory.
Who acts: forces, victory · What happens: rush, chant, sing · To what, where: sand hills, song
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (forces, victory), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 5 hills | case |
| 2 | into | into | ADP | _ | 5 hills | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 hills | det |
| 4 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hills | compound |
| 5 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 rushed | obl |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 rushed | nsubj |
| 7 | rushed | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 chanting | punct |
| 9 | chanting | chant | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 rushed | advcl |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 song | nmod:poss |
| 11 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 chanting | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 victory | case |
| 13 | victory | victory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 song | nmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 rushed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rush | past | forces = force | the sand hills | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on hill=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | chant | gerund | forces = force not said here | forces's song of victory | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Topic | ||||
| 3 | sing | victory | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/14/170/