Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 183
They were forced to pass around the obstacles or climb over them.
Who acts: ranks · What happens: force, pass, climb · To what, where: ranks, obstacles
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ranks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 forced | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 forced | aux:pass |
| 3 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 pass | mark |
| 5 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 forced | xcomp |
| 6 | around | around | ADP | _ | 8 obstacles | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 obstacles | det |
| 8 | obstacles | obstacle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 pass | obl |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 climb | cc |
| 10 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 pass | conj |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 12 them | case |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 climb | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 forced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | force | past · passive | ranks = rank | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | pass | to-infinitive | ranks = rank not said here | the obstacles | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme around obstacle=Location | ||||
| 3 | climb | infinitive | ranks = rank not said here | over ranks = rank | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over they=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/14/183/