Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 185
Still up the loose sand the Alapa warriors struggled, putting to death every foe, as they took possession of one hill after another, while their comrades forced the Oahu warriors back through the winding sand valleys.
Who acts: Alapa warriors, foes, comrades · What happens: struggle, put, take, force, possess · To what, where: foe, possession, Oahu warriors, sand valleys, one hill
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alapa warriors, foes, comrades), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Still | still | ADV | _ | 9 struggled | advmod |
| 2 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 sand | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sand | det |
| 4 | loose | loose | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 sand | amod |
| 5 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Still | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 warriors | det |
| 7 | Alapa | Alapa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 warriors | compound |
| 8 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 struggled | nsubj |
| 9 | struggled | struggle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 putting | punct |
| 11 | putting | put | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 struggled | advcl |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 death | case |
| 13 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 putting | obl |
| 14 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 foe | det |
| 15 | foe | foe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 putting | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 took | punct |
| 17 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 took | mark |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 took | nsubj |
| 19 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 struggled | conj |
| 20 | possession | possession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 took | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 hill | case |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 hill | nummod |
| 23 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 possession | nmod |
| 24 | after | after | ADP | _ | 25 another | case |
| 25 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 19 took | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 forced | punct |
| 27 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 30 forced | mark |
| 28 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 comrades | nmod:poss |
| 29 | comrades | comrade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 forced | nsubj |
| 30 | forced | force | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 took | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 warriors | det |
| 32 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 warriors | compound |
| 33 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 forced | obj |
| 34 | back | back | ADV | _ | 30 forced | advmod |
| 35 | through | through | ADP | _ | 39 valleys | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 valleys | det |
| 37 | winding | winding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 sand | compound |
| 38 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 valleys | compound |
| 39 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 forced | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 struggled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | struggle | past | the Alapa warriors | still | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | put | gerund | the Alapa warriors not said here | every foe | to death | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent foe=Goal | |||
| 3 | take | past | foes = foe | possession of one hill | after another | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent possession=Theme | |||
| 4 | force | past | foes's comrades | the Oahu warriors | the sand valleys | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warrior=Recipient | |||
| 5 | possess | one hill | nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/14/185/