Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 192
Broken helmets and tattered feather cloaks lay crushed and trampled into the sand.
Who acts: Broken helmets, feather cloaks · What happens: tatter, lay, crush, trample · To what, where: sand
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Broken helmets, feather cloaks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Broken | broken | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 helmets | amod |
| 2 | helmets | helmet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 tattered | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 2 helmets | cc |
| 4 | tattered | tatter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | feather | feather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 cloaks | compound |
| 6 | cloaks | cloak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 lay | nsubj |
| 7 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 tattered | ccomp |
| 8 | crushed | crush | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 lay | xcomp |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 trampled | cc |
| 10 | trampled | trample | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 crushed | conj |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 13 sand | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 sand | det |
| 13 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 trampled | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 tattered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tatter | past | Broken helmets | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | lay | present | feather cloaks | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | crush | participle | feather cloaks not said here | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | trample | participle | feather cloaks not said here | the sand | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/14/192/