Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 20
One of the most noted and daring warriors of the time, Ke-ku-hau-pio, held his place against the Maui men while his comrades were driven back.
Who acts: Ke, One ku hau pio · What happens: note, dare, pio, hold, drive back · To what, where: warriors, place, comrades
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ke, One ku hau pio), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 pio | nummod |
| 2 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 5 noted | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 noted | det |
| 4 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 5 noted | advmod |
| 5 | noted | note | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 pio | advcl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 daring | cc |
| 7 | daring | dare | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 noted | conj |
| 8 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 daring | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 time | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 time | det |
| 11 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 warriors | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 noted | punct |
| 13 | Ke | Ke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 pio | nsubj |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 Ke | punct |
| 15 | ku | ku | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 pio | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 ku | punct |
| 17 | hau | hau | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 pio | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 pio | punct |
| 19 | pio | pio | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 held | nsubj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 pio | punct |
| 21 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 place | nmod:poss |
| 23 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 held | obj |
| 24 | against | against | ADP | _ | 27 men | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 men | det |
| 26 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 men | compound |
| 27 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 held | obl |
| 28 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 32 driven | mark |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 comrades | nmod:poss |
| 30 | comrades | comrade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 driven | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 driven | aux:pass |
| 32 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 held | advcl |
| 33 | back | back | ADV | _ | 32 driven | advmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 held | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | note | participle | Ke not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | dare | gerund | Ke not said here | warriors of the time | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warrior=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | pio | Ke | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | hold | past | One ku hau pio | pio's place | against the Maui men | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent place=Theme against man=Location | |||
| 5 | drive back | past · passive | pio's comrades | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/14/20/