Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 221
The Maui army crowded up toward the steep sides of the mountain as if to avoid the scene of the battle of the preceding day.
Who acts: Maui army · What happens: crowd up, avoid, precede, battle · To what, where: steep sides, scene, preceding day
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maui army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 army | det |
| 2 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 army | compound |
| 3 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 crowded | nsubj |
| 4 | crowded | crowd | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 crowded | compound:prt |
| 6 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 9 sides | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 sides | det |
| 8 | steep | steep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 sides | amod |
| 9 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 crowded | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 mountain | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 mountain | det |
| 12 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 sides | nmod |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 avoid | mark |
| 14 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 16 avoid | mark |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 avoid | mark |
| 16 | avoid | avoid | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 crowded | advcl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 scene | det |
| 18 | scene | scene | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 avoid | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 battle | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 battle | det |
| 21 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 scene | nmod |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 day | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 day | det |
| 24 | preceding | precede | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 day | amod |
| 25 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 battle | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 crowded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crowd up | past | the Maui army | the steep sides of the mountain | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme toward side=Destination | ||||
| 2 | avoid | to-infinitive | the Maui army not said here | the scene of the battle of the preceding day | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent scene=Location | ||||
| 3 | precede | gerund | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | battle | the preceding day | nom battle «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/14/221/