Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 224
The Hawaiians had to fight up hill or else drift down to the sand hills.
Who acts: Hawaiians · What happens: have, fight up, drift down · To what, where: hill, sand hills
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawaiians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Hawaiians | det |
| 2 | Hawaiians | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 had | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 fight | mark |
| 5 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 had | xcomp |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 fight | compound:prt |
| 7 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fight | obj |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 drift | cc |
| 9 | else | else | ADV | _ | 10 drift | advmod |
| 10 | drift | drift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 fight | conj |
| 11 | down | down | ADV | _ | 10 drift | advmod |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 hills | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 hills | det |
| 14 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hills | compound |
| 15 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 drift | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the Hawaiians | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | fight up | to-infinitive | the Hawaiians not said here | hill | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hill=Co-Agent | ||||
| 3 | drift down | infinitive | the Hawaiians not said here | the sand hills | down, else property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to hill=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/14/224/