Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 26
They wearied and wounded him until he began to stagger under the blows against which he furnished imperfect guard.
Who acts: spears, Heavy · What happens: weary, wound, begin, stagger, furnish · To what, where: Heavy, blows, imperfect guard
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spears, Heavy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 wearied | nsubj |
| 2 | wearied | weary | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 wounded | cc |
| 4 | wounded | wound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 wearied | conj |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 wounded | obj |
| 6 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 8 began | mark |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 began | nsubj |
| 8 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 wounded | advcl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 stagger | mark |
| 10 | stagger | stagger | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 began | xcomp |
| 11 | under | under | ADP | _ | 13 blows | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 blows | det |
| 13 | blows | blow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 stagger | obl |
| 14 | against | against | ADP | _ | 15 which | case |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 furnished | obl |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 furnished | nsubj |
| 17 | furnished | furnish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 blows | acl:relcl |
| 18 | imperfect | imperfect | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 guard | amod |
| 19 | guard | guard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 furnished | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 wearied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | weary | past | spears = spear | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | wound | past | spears = spear not said here | Heavy | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | begin | past | Heavy | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | stagger | to-infinitive | Heavy not said here | the blows | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under blow=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | furnish | past | Heavy | imperfect guard | against the blows | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guard=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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