Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 260
During the ensuing two years the war degenerated into a series of petty raids by which he kept his wife’s brother busy marching warriors from one end of Maui to the other to repel his attacks.
Who acts: Kalaniopuu, brother · What happens: ensue, degenerate, keep, march, repel, attack · To what, where: war, series, brother, warriors, one end, attacks
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kalaniopuu, brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | During | during | ADP | _ | 7 war | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 war | det |
| 3 | ensuing | ensue | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 war | csubj |
| 4 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 years | nummod |
| 5 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 ensuing | obj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 war | det |
| 7 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | degenerated | degenerate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 war | acl |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 series | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 series | det |
| 11 | series | series | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 degenerated | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 raids | case |
| 13 | petty | petty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 raids | compound |
| 14 | raids | raid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 series | nmod |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 which | case |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 kept | obl |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 kept | nsubj |
| 18 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 raids | acl:relcl |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 wife | nmod:poss |
| 20 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 brother | nmod:poss |
| 21 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 20 wife | case |
| 22 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 kept | obj |
| 23 | busy | busy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 kept | xcomp |
| 24 | marching | march | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 kept | xcomp |
| 25 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 marching | obj |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 end | case |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 end | nummod |
| 28 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 marching | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Maui | case |
| 30 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 end | nmod |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 other | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 other | det |
| 33 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 marching | obl |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 repel | mark |
| 35 | repel | repel | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 marching | advcl |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 attacks | nmod:poss |
| 37 | attacks | attack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 repel | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 war | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ensue | gerund | year | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | degenerate | participle | the war not said here | a series of petty raids | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | keep | past | Kalaniopuu | Kalaniopuu's wife's brother | by petty raids; busy property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | march | gerund | Kalaniopuu's wife's brother not said here | warriors | from one end of Maui | to the other | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source PP.destination PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent warrior=Theme from end=Initial_Location to other=Destination | ||
| 5 | repel | to-infinitive | Kalaniopuu's wife's brother not said here | Kalaniopuu's attacks | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus attack=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | attack | Kalaniopuu | nom attack «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/14/260/