Hawaiian Historical Legends, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782, sentence 21
Internal troubles among the chiefs of the island of Hawaii had arisen in connection with the destruction of the Alapa chiefs and Ka-meha-meha’s ascent to rulership.
Who acts: Internal troubles · What happens: arise, destroy · To what, where: connection, Alapa chiefs
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Internal troubles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Internal | internal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 troubles | amod |
| 2 | troubles | trouble | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 arisen | nsubj |
| 3 | among | among | ADP | _ | 5 chiefs | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 chiefs | det |
| 5 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 troubles | nmod |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 island | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 island | det |
| 8 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 chiefs | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Hawaii | case |
| 10 | Hawaii | Hawaii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 island | nmod |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 arisen | aux |
| 12 | arisen | arise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 connection | case |
| 14 | connection | connection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 arisen | obl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 destruction | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 destruction | det |
| 17 | destruction | destruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 connection | nmod |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 chiefs | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 chiefs | det |
| 20 | Alapa | Alapa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 chiefs | compound |
| 21 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 destruction | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 Ka | cc |
| 23 | Ka | Ka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 ascent | nmod:poss |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 meha | punct |
| 25 | meha | meha | X | Foreign=Yes | 23 Ka | dep |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 meha | punct |
| 27 | meha | meha | X | Foreign=Yes | 29 ascent | amod |
| 28 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 27 meha | case |
| 29 | ascent | ascent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 destruction | conj |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 rulership | case |
| 31 | rulership | rulership | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 ascent | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 arisen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arise | past · perfect | Internal troubles among the chiefs of the island of Hawaii | connection with the destruction of the Alapa chiefs and Ka's meha ascent to rulership | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in connection=Location | ||||
| 2 | destroy | the Alapa chiefs | nom destruction «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/15/21/