Hawaiian Historical Legends, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782, sentence 32
He could not openly declare war against the priest, but he could command him to render assistance in worship and sacrifice.
Who acts: king · What happens: not declare, command, render · To what, where: war, Kahahana, assistance, worship · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 declare | nsubj |
| 2 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 declare | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 declare | advmod |
| 4 | openly | openly | ADV | _ | 5 declare | advmod |
| 5 | declare | declare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 declare | obj |
| 7 | against | against | ADP | _ | 9 priest | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 priest | det |
| 9 | priest | priest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 declare | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 command | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 command | cc |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 command | nsubj |
| 13 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 command | aux |
| 14 | command | command | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 declare | conj |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 command | obj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 render | mark |
| 17 | render | render | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 command | xcomp |
| 18 | assistance | assistance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 render | obj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 worship | case |
| 20 | worship | worship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 render | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 sacrifice | cc |
| 22 | sacrifice | sacrifice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 worship | conj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 declare | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not declare speech: other | could | king | war | against the priest; openly property | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Attribute | |||
| 2 | command | could | king | Kahahana | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | render not said to happen | to-infinitive | king not said here | assistance | worship and sacrifice | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assistance=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/15/32/