Hawaiian Historical Legends, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782, sentence 54
The king’s purpose was evident to all the chiefs and Ka-o-pulu-pulu would not be misjudged if he attempted to escape; therefore he fled eastward toward Honolulu, but was overtaken at Pearl Harbour and killed.
Who acts: purpose, king · What happens: be, not misjudge, attempt, escape, flee, overtake · To what, where: pulu, Honolulu, Pearl Harbour
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (purpose, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 king | det |
| 2 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 purpose | nmod:poss |
| 3 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 2 king | case |
| 4 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 evident | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 evident | cop |
| 6 | evident | evident | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 chiefs | case |
| 8 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 chiefs | det:predet |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 chiefs | det |
| 10 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 evident | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 Ka | cc |
| 12 | Ka | Ka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 chiefs | appos |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 pulu | punct |
| 14 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 16 pulu | case |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 o | punct |
| 16 | pulu | pulu | X | Foreign=Yes | 12 Ka | dep |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 pulu | punct |
| 18 | pulu | pulu | X | Foreign=Yes | 22 misjudged | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 misjudged | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 misjudged | advmod |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 22 misjudged | aux:pass |
| 22 | misjudged | misjudge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 pulu | parataxis |
| 23 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 25 attempted | mark |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 attempted | nsubj |
| 25 | attempted | attempt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 misjudged | advcl |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 escape | mark |
| 27 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 attempted | xcomp |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 fled | punct |
| 29 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 31 fled | advmod |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 fled | nsubj |
| 31 | fled | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 evident | parataxis |
| 32 | eastward | eastward | ADV | _ | 31 fled | advmod |
| 33 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 34 Honolulu | case |
| 34 | Honolulu | Honolulu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 fled | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 overtaken | punct |
| 36 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 38 overtaken | cc |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 overtaken | aux:pass |
| 38 | overtaken | overtake | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 fled | conj |
| 39 | at | at | ADP | _ | 41 Harbour | case |
| 40 | Pearl | Pearl | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Harbour | compound |
| 41 | Harbour | Harbour | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 overtaken | obl |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 killed | cc |
| 43 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 overtaken | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 evident | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the king's purpose | to all chiefs; evident property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not misjudge | would · passive | pulu | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | attempt a condition, not said to happen | past | king | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | escape not said to happen | to-infinitive | king not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | flee | past | king | Honolulu | eastward, therefore property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme toward honolulu=Initial_Location | |||
| 6 | overtake | past · passive | king not said here | Pearl Harbour | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | kill | past | king not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 8 | purpose | the king | nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/15/54/