Hawaiian Historical Legends, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782, sentence 9
Born on the island of Oahu and belonging to one of the most famous families of priests, he understood thoroughly the temperament of the chiefs of that island and was able to give valuable counsel to his new ruler.
Who acts: Oahu · What happens: bear, belong, understand, be, give · To what, where: island, one, temperament, valuable counsel, new ruler
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oahu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 2 | on | on | ADP | _ | 4 island | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 island | det |
| 4 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Born | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Oahu | case |
| 6 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 island | nmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 belonging | cc |
| 8 | belonging | belong | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 island | conj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 one | case |
| 10 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 belonging | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 families | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 families | det |
| 13 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 14 famous | advmod |
| 14 | famous | famous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 families | amod |
| 15 | families | family | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 one | nmod |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 priests | case |
| 17 | priests | priest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 families | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 understood | punct |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 understood | nsubj |
| 20 | understood | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Born | conj |
| 21 | thoroughly | thoroughly | ADV | _ | 23 temperament | advmod |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 temperament | det |
| 23 | temperament | temperament | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 understood | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 chiefs | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 chiefs | det |
| 26 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 temperament | nmod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 island | case |
| 28 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 island | det |
| 29 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 chiefs | nmod |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 able | cc |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 able | cop |
| 32 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 understood | conj |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 give | mark |
| 34 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 able | xcomp |
| 35 | valuable | valuable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 counsel | amod |
| 36 | counsel | counsel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 give | obj |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 ruler | case |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 ruler | nmod:poss |
| 39 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 ruler | amod |
| 40 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 give | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Born | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bear | participle | the island of Oahu | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | belong | gerund | one of the famous families of priests | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | understand | past | Oahu | the temperament of the chiefs of that island | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer temperament=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | is | past | Oahu not said here | able property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | give | to-infinitive | Oahu not said here | valuable counsel | Oahu's new ruler | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent counsel=Theme to ruler=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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