Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Eight of Oahu, sentence 45
It has been said that this was a fight “to which Hawaiian legends record no parallel.”
Who acts: this, Hawaiian legends · What happens: say, be, record · To what, where: wave, fight, parallel · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, Hawaiian legends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 said | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 said | aux:pass |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 fight | mark |
| 6 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 fight | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 fight | cop |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 fight | det |
| 9 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 said | ccomp |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 record | punct |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 which | case |
| 12 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 14 legends | det |
| 13 | Hawaiian | hawaiian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 legends | amod |
| 14 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 record | nsubj |
| 15 | record | record | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | conj |
| 16 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 17 parallel | det |
| 17 | parallel | parallel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 record | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
| 19 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present · perfect · passive | wave | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is a | past | this | a fight | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | record in a quote | present | which Hawaiian legends | no parallel | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parallel=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/16/45/