Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Eight of Oahu, sentence 61
“In hope of shortening the present and prospective tortures of his friend, knowing well what his fate would be if brought alive into the enemy’s camp, the chief did as he was bidden.”
Who acts: chief, captive · What happens: shorten, know, bring, do, bid, torture · To what, where: present tortures, hope, fate, camp, captive, friend
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, captive), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 shortening | punct |
| 2 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 hope | case |
| 3 | hope | hope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shortening | obl |
| 4 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 5 shortening | mark |
| 5 | shortening | shorten | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 tortures | det |
| 7 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 tortures | amod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 prospective | cc |
| 9 | prospective | prospective | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 present | conj |
| 10 | tortures | torture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 shortening | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 friend | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 friend | nmod:poss |
| 13 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 tortures | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 knowing | punct |
| 15 | knowing | know | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 shortening | advcl |
| 16 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 what | advmod |
| 17 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 23 brought | obj |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 fate | nmod:poss |
| 19 | fate | fate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 brought | aux |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 brought | aux:pass |
| 22 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 23 brought | mark |
| 23 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 knowing | ccomp |
| 24 | alive | alive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 brought | xcomp |
| 25 | into | into | ADP | _ | 29 camp | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 enemy | det |
| 27 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 camp | nmod:poss |
| 28 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 27 enemy | case |
| 29 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 brought | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 did | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 chief | det |
| 32 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 did | nsubj |
| 33 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 shortening | parataxis |
| 34 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 37 bidden | mark |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 bidden | nsubj |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 bidden | aux:pass |
| 37 | bidden | bid | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 did | advcl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 shortening | punct |
| 39 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 shortening | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shorten in a quote | gerund | the present tortures of captive's friend | hope | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent torture=Patient | ||||
| 2 | know in a quote | gerund | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||||
| 3 | bring a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | would · passive | captive's fate | the enemy's camp | what obj; alive property | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Destination what=Theme | |||
| 4 | do in a quote | past | the chief | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | bid in a quote | past · passive | captive | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | torture in a quote | captive's friend | nom torture «feeling transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | fate in a quote | captive | nom fate «event transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/16/61/