Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 24
When they saw a white man holding a gun to the shoulders, with the resulting smoke and explosion, they gave to the death-dealing magic trumpet the name “pu-waha-ulaula”—the trumpet with the red mouth.
Who acts: shells, white man · What happens: see, hold, result, give, deal, trumpet · To what, where: white man, gun, name, dealing magic
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shells, white man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 saw | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 gave | advcl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 man | det |
| 5 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 man | amod |
| 6 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | obj |
| 7 | holding | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 man | acl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 gun | det |
| 9 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 holding | obj |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 shoulders | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 shoulders | det |
| 12 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 holding | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 smoke | punct |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 smoke | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 smoke | det |
| 16 | resulting | result | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 smoke | amod |
| 17 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 explosion | cc |
| 19 | explosion | explosion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 smoke | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 gave | nsubj |
| 22 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 magic | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 magic | det |
| 25 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 dealing | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 death | punct |
| 27 | dealing | deal | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 magic | amod |
| 28 | magic | magic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 trumpet | obl |
| 29 | trumpet | trumpet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 gave | ccomp |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 name | det |
| 31 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 trumpet | obj |
| 32 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 ulaula | punct |
| 33 | pu | pu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 ulaula | compound |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 pu | punct |
| 35 | waha | waha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 ulaula | compound |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 ulaula | punct |
| 37 | ulaula | ulaula | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 name | appos |
| 38 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 ulaula | punct |
| 39 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 trumpet | punct |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 trumpet | det |
| 41 | trumpet | trumpet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 ulaula | conj |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 45 mouth | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 mouth | det |
| 44 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 mouth | amod |
| 45 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 trumpet | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | shells = shell | a white man | with the resulting smoke and explosion | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | hold | gerund | a white man not said here | a gun | to the shoulders | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gun=Theme | |||
| 3 | result | gerund | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | give | past | shells = shell | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | deal | gerund | death compound | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | trumpet | present | shells = shell not said here | the name | the dealing magic | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Topic to magic=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/17/24/