Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 4
Ka-meha-meha I, in 1789, had gained the adherence of the noted chief Kaiana, who had already visited China and purchased guns and ammunition.
Who acts: Ka · What happens: gain, note, visit, purchase · To what, where: adherence, guns
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ka | Ka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 gained | nsubj |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ka | punct |
| 3 | meha | meha | X | Foreign=Yes | 1 Ka | dep |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 meha | punct |
| 5 | meha | meha | X | _ | 1 Ka | dep |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 meha | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 1789 | punct |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 1789 | case |
| 9 | 1789 | 1789 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 1 Ka | list |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ka | punct |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 gained | aux |
| 12 | gained | gain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 adherence | det |
| 14 | adherence | adherence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gained | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 chief | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 chief | det |
| 17 | noted | note | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 chief | amod |
| 18 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 adherence | nmod |
| 19 | Kaiana | Kaiana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 chief | appos |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 visited | punct |
| 21 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 visited | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 visited | aux |
| 23 | already | already | ADV | _ | 24 visited | advmod |
| 24 | visited | visit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 adherence | acl |
| 25 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 visited | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 purchased | cc |
| 27 | purchased | purchase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 gained | conj |
| 28 | guns | gun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 purchased | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 ammunition | cc |
| 30 | ammunition | ammunition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 guns | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 gained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gain | past · perfect | Ka | the adherence of the noted chief | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adherence=Theme | ||||
| 2 | note | participle | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | visit | past · perfect · passive | the adherence of the noted chief | China obj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | purchase | past | Ka not said here | guns and ammunition | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset gun=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/17/4/