Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 67
Soon Kahekili, chief of Oahu, with the Oahu and Maui war canoes, was driven by Ka-meha-meha from the northwestern coast which they had been devastating.
Who acts: Ka, northwestern coast · What happens: drive, be · To what, where: Kahekili, northwestern coast
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ka, northwestern coast), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 driven | advmod |
| 2 | Kahekili | Kahekili | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 driven | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 chief | punct |
| 4 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Kahekili | appos |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Oahu | case |
| 6 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 chief | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Oahu | punct |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 Oahu | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Oahu | det |
| 10 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Kahekili | appos |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 canoes | cc |
| 12 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 canoes | compound |
| 13 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 canoes | compound |
| 14 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 Oahu | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Oahu | punct |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 driven | aux:pass |
| 17 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 Ka | case |
| 19 | Ka | Ka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 driven | obl |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 meha | punct |
| 21 | meha | meha | X | Foreign=Yes | 19 Ka | dep |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 meha | punct |
| 23 | meha | meha | X | Foreign=Yes | 21 meha | flat:foreign |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 coast | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 coast | det |
| 26 | northwestern | northwestern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 coast | amod |
| 27 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 driven | obl |
| 28 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 devastating | nsubj |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 devastating | nsubj |
| 30 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 devastating | aux |
| 31 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 32 devastating | cop |
| 32 | devastating | devastating | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 coast | acl:relcl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 driven | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drive | past · passive | Ka | Kahekili | the northwestern coast | soon property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from coast=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | is | past · perfect | the northwestern coast | people nsubj; devastating property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/17/67/