Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 74
In former years a naval battle meant the clash of canoe against canoe, the heavy stroke of war clubs against war clubs and clouds of hurled javelins and spears.
Who acts: naval battle, canoe · What happens: mean, hurl, clash, stroke · To what, where: clash, war clubs
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (naval battle, canoe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 years | case |
| 2 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 years | amod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 meant | obl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 battle | det |
| 5 | naval | naval | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 battle | amod |
| 6 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 meant | nsubj |
| 7 | meant | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 clash | det |
| 9 | clash | clash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 meant | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 canoe | case |
| 11 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 clash | nmod |
| 12 | against | against | ADP | _ | 13 canoe | case |
| 13 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 canoe | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 stroke | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 stroke | det |
| 16 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 stroke | amod |
| 17 | stroke | stroke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 clash | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 clubs | case |
| 19 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 clubs | compound |
| 20 | clubs | club | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 stroke | nmod |
| 21 | against | against | ADP | _ | 23 clubs | case |
| 22 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 clubs | compound |
| 23 | clubs | club | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 clubs | nmod |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 clouds | cc |
| 25 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 clubs | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 javelins | case |
| 27 | hurled | hurl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 javelins | amod |
| 28 | javelins | javelin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 clubs | nmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 spears | cc |
| 30 | spears | spear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 javelins | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 meant | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | past | a naval battle | the clash of canoe against canoe and the heavy stroke of war clubs against war clubs of hurled javelins and spears and clouds | year | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clash=Topic | |||
| 2 | hurl | participle | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | clash | canoe against canoe | nom clash «event intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 4 | stroke | war clubs against war clubs of hurled javelins and spears and clouds | nom stroke «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/17/74/