Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Law of the Splintered Paddle, sentence 10
Two Hawaiian chiefs of splendid physique were hurriedly climbing a zigzag path up the face of an exceedingly steep bluff bordering the little bay of Lau-pa-hoe-hoe.
Who acts: Two Hawaiian chiefs, exceedingly steep bluff · What happens: climb, border · To what, where: zigzag path, little bay
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Law of the Splintered Paddle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Two Hawaiian chiefs, exceedingly steep bluff), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 chiefs | nummod |
| 2 | Hawaiian | hawaiian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 chiefs | amod |
| 3 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 climbing | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 physique | case |
| 5 | splendid | splendid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 physique | amod |
| 6 | physique | physique | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 chiefs | nmod |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 climbing | aux |
| 8 | hurriedly | hurriedly | ADV | _ | 9 climbing | advmod |
| 9 | climbing | climb | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 path | det |
| 11 | zigzag | zigzag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 path | compound |
| 12 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 climbing | obj |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 15 face | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 face | det |
| 15 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 path | nmod |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 bluff | case |
| 17 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 bluff | det |
| 18 | exceedingly | exceedingly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 bluff | amod |
| 19 | steep | steep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 bluff | amod |
| 20 | bluff | bluff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 face | nmod |
| 21 | bordering | border | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 bluff | acl |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 bay | det |
| 23 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 bay | amod |
| 24 | bay | bay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 bordering | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 hoe | case |
| 26 | Lau | Lau | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 hoe | nsubj |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 Lau | punct |
| 28 | pa | pa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 hoe | compound |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 pa | punct |
| 30 | hoe | hoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 hoe | compound |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 hoe | punct |
| 32 | hoe | hoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 bay | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 climbing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | climb | past · progressive | Two Hawaiian chiefs of splendid physique | a zigzag path | up the face of a exceedingly steep bluff; hurriedly property | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location path=Theme | |||
| 2 | border | gerund | a exceedingly steep bluff not said here | the little bay of pa hoe hoe Lau | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bay=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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