Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Law of the Splintered Paddle, sentence 48
He believed that he knew best, therefore in after years when he became ruler over the group of islands he was thoroughly autocratic.
Who acts: friend · What happens: believe, know, become, be · To what, where: best, ruler, group, islands · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Law of the Splintered Paddle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 believed | nsubj |
| 2 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 5 knew | mark |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 knew | nsubj |
| 5 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 believed | ccomp |
| 6 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 knew | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 best | punct |
| 8 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 9 in | advmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADV | _ | 5 knew | advmod |
| 10 | after | after | ADP | _ | 11 years | case |
| 11 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 knew | obl |
| 12 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 14 became | advmod |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 became | nsubj |
| 14 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 believed | advcl |
| 15 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 became | xcomp |
| 16 | over | over | ADP | _ | 18 group | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 group | det |
| 18 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 became | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 islands | case |
| 20 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 group | nmod |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 autocratic | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 autocratic | cop |
| 23 | thoroughly | thoroughly | ADV | _ | 24 autocratic | advmod |
| 24 | autocratic | autocratic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 islands | acl:relcl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 believed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | past | friend | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | know | past | friend | best | year | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer good=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | become | past | friend | ruler | the group of islands | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||
| 4 | is | past | friend | islands not said here | autocratic, thoroughly property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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