Hawaiian Historical Legends, Last of the Tabu, sentence 2
In the time of our story the grass roof was the only shelter from the rain and heat, except the thick-leaved tree or the insecure lava cave.
Who acts: grass roof · What happens: be · To what, where: only shelter, rain
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Last of the Tabu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grass roof), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shelter | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 story | case |
| 5 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 story | nmod:poss |
| 6 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 time | nmod |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 roof | det |
| 8 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 roof | compound |
| 9 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shelter | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 shelter | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 shelter | det |
| 12 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 shelter | amod |
| 13 | shelter | shelter | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 rain | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 rain | det |
| 16 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shelter | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 heat | cc |
| 18 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 rain | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 tree | punct |
| 20 | except | except | ADP | _ | 25 tree | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 tree | det |
| 22 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 tree | amod |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 thick | punct |
| 24 | leaved | leaved | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 tree | amod |
| 25 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shelter | conj |
| 26 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 cave | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 cave | det |
| 28 | insecure | insecure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 cave | amod |
| 29 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 cave | compound |
| 30 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 tree | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 shelter | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | the grass roof | the only shelter and the thick leaved tree or the insecure lava cave | the rain and heat | time | the thick leaved tree or the insecure lava cave conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/19/2/