Hawaiian Historical Legends, Maui the Polynesian, sentence 22
In the days of peace remember the proverb, ‘When you are on friendly terms, settle your disputes in a friendly way; when you are at war, you must redress your injuries by violence.’
Who acts: days, you, your · What happens: remember, be, settle, redress, dispute, injure · To what, where: proverb, friendly terms, disputes, friendly way, war, injuries · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Maui the Polynesian. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (days, you, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 days | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 days | det |
| 3 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 remember | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 peace | case |
| 5 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 days | nmod |
| 6 | remember | remember | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 proverb | det |
| 8 | proverb | proverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 remember | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 terms | punct |
| 10 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 16 terms | punct |
| 11 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 terms | advmod |
| 12 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 terms | nsubj |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 terms | cop |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 terms | case |
| 15 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 terms | amod |
| 16 | terms | term | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 remember | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 settle | punct |
| 18 | settle | settle | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 6 remember | parataxis |
| 19 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 disputes | nmod:poss |
| 20 | disputes | dispute | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 settle | obj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 way | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 way | det |
| 23 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 way | amod |
| 24 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 settle | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 war | punct |
| 26 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 30 war | advmod |
| 27 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 30 war | nsubj |
| 28 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 war | cop |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 30 war | case |
| 30 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 remember | ccomp |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 redress | punct |
| 32 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 34 redress | nsubj |
| 33 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 redress | aux |
| 34 | redress | redress | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 war | parataxis |
| 35 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 injuries | nmod:poss |
| 36 | injuries | injury | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 redress | obj |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 38 violence | case |
| 38 | violence | violence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 redress | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 34 redress | punct |
| 40 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 34 redress | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | remember | present | the days of peace | the proverb | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent proverb=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | present | you | friendly terms | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | settle | infinitive | your disputes | a friendly way | vn odge-46-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent dispute=Theme in way=Location | ||||
| 4 | is | present | you | war | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | redress | must | you | your injuries | by violence | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent injury=Recipient | |||
| 6 | dispute | your | nom dispute «communication intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 7 | injure | your | nom injury «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/2/22/