Hawaiian Historical Legends, Maui the Polynesian, sentence 43
At last, drawing themselves out to gigantic proportions, they pushed the entire heavens up to the very lofty position which they have ever since occupied.
Who acts: Islanders · What happens: draw out, push, have · To what, where: Islanders, gigantic proportions, entire heavens, lofty position
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Maui the Polynesian. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Islanders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 last | case |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 pushed | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 drawing | punct |
| 4 | drawing | draw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 last | advcl |
| 5 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 4 drawing | obj |
| 6 | out | out | ADP | _ | 4 drawing | compound:prt |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 proportions | case |
| 8 | gigantic | gigantic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 proportions | amod |
| 9 | proportions | proportion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 drawing | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 pushed | punct |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 pushed | nsubj |
| 12 | pushed | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 heavens | det |
| 14 | entire | entire | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 heavens | amod |
| 15 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 pushed | obj |
| 16 | up | up | ADP | _ | 21 position | case |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 position | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 position | det |
| 19 | very | very | ADV | _ | 20 lofty | advmod |
| 20 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 position | amod |
| 21 | position | position | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 pushed | obl |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 have | obj |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 have | nsubj |
| 24 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 position | acl:relcl |
| 25 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 27 occupied | advmod |
| 26 | since | since | ADV | _ | 27 occupied | advmod |
| 27 | occupied | occupied | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 have | xcomp |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 pushed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw out | gerund | Islanders = islander not said here | Islanders = islander | gigantic proportions | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme to proportion=Destination | |||
| 2 | push | past | Islanders = islander | the entire heavens | the lofty position | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent heaven=Theme up position=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | have | present | Islanders = islander | the lofty position | occupied property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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