Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 15
Mr. Bingham says, “They began at once to teach.—The first pupils were the chiefs and their favourite attendants and the wives and children of foreigners.”
Who acts: Bingham, missionaries, first pupils · What happens: say, begin, teach, be · To what, where: chiefs · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bingham, missionaries, first pupils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mr. | Mr. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Bingham | nmod:desc |
| 2 | Bingham | Bingham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 began | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 began | punct |
| 6 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 began | nsubj |
| 7 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 says | ccomp |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 once | case |
| 9 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 7 began | obl |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 teach | mark |
| 11 | teach | teach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 once | advcl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
| 13 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 chiefs | punct |
| 14 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 pupils | det |
| 15 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 16 pupils | amod |
| 16 | pupils | pupil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 chiefs | nsubj |
| 17 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 chiefs | cop |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 chiefs | det |
| 19 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 says | parataxis |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 attendants | cc |
| 21 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 attendants | nmod:poss |
| 22 | favourite | favourite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 attendants | amod |
| 23 | attendants | attendant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 chiefs | conj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 wives | cc |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 wives | det |
| 26 | wives | wife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 chiefs | conj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 children | cc |
| 28 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 chiefs | conj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 foreigners | case |
| 30 | foreigners | foreigner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 children | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 chiefs | punct |
| 32 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Bingham Mr. | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | begin in a quote | past | missionaries = missionary | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | teach speech: other in a quote | to-infinitive | missionaries = missionary not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | past | the first pupils | the chiefs and missionaries's favourite attendants and the wives and children of foreigners | missionaries's favourite attendants conj; the wives conj; children of foreigners conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/20/15/