Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 18
This was no small task and was absolutely necessary as the foundation of a written language.
Who acts: This · What happens: be, write · To what, where: small task
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 task | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 task | cop |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 task | det |
| 4 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 task | amod |
| 5 | task | task | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 necessary | cc |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 necessary | cop |
| 8 | absolutely | absolutely | ADV | _ | 9 necessary | advmod |
| 9 | necessary | necessary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 task | conj |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 12 foundation | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 foundation | det |
| 12 | foundation | foundation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 necessary | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 language | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 language | det |
| 15 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 language | amod |
| 16 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 foundation | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 task | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | This | no small task | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | past | This not said here | as the foundation of a written language; absolutely, necessary property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | write | participle | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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