Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 21
A considerable number was present, and among those particularly interested was Ke-au-moku (Gov. Cox) who after a little instruction by Mr. Loomis applied the strength of his athletic arm to the lever of a Ramage press, pleased thus to assist in working off a few impressions of the first lessons.”
Who acts: considerable number, Loomis · What happens: be, apply, assist, work off, instruct, impress · To what, where: Ke, strength, few impressions, first lessons
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (considerable number, Loomis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 number | det |
| 2 | considerable | considerable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 number | amod |
| 3 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 present | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 present | cop |
| 5 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 those | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 those | cc |
| 8 | among | among | ADP | _ | 9 those | case |
| 9 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 5 present | conj |
| 10 | particularly | particularly | ADV | _ | 11 interested | advmod |
| 11 | interested | interested | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 those | amod |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 Ke | cop |
| 13 | Ke | Ke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 au | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 Ke | punct |
| 15 | au | au | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 those | nmod |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 moku | punct |
| 17 | moku | moku | X | Foreign=Yes | 15 au | appos |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 Cox | punct |
| 19 | Gov. | Gov. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Cox | compound |
| 20 | Cox | Cox | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 moku | appos |
| 21 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 Cox | punct |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 applied | nsubj |
| 23 | after | after | ADP | _ | 26 instruction | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 instruction | det |
| 25 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 instruction | amod |
| 26 | instruction | instruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 applied | obl |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 Loomis | case |
| 28 | Mr. | Mr. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Loomis | nmod:desc |
| 29 | Loomis | Loomis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 instruction | nmod |
| 30 | applied | apply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 moku | acl:relcl |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 strength | det |
| 32 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 applied | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 arm | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 arm | nmod:poss |
| 35 | athletic | athletic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 arm | amod |
| 36 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 strength | nmod |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 lever | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 lever | det |
| 39 | lever | lever | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 arm | nmod |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 press | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 press | det |
| 42 | Ramage | ramage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 press | compound |
| 43 | press | press | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 lever | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 pleased | punct |
| 45 | pleased | pleased | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 strength | parataxis |
| 46 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 45 pleased | advmod |
| 47 | to | to | PART | _ | 48 assist | mark |
| 48 | assist | assist | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 pleased | advcl |
| 49 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 50 working | mark |
| 50 | working | work | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 48 assist | advcl |
| 51 | off | off | ADP | _ | 50 working | compound:prt |
| 52 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 54 impressions | det |
| 53 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 impressions | amod |
| 54 | impressions | impression | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 working | obj |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 lessons | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 lessons | det |
| 57 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 58 lessons | amod |
| 58 | lessons | lesson | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 impressions | nmod |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 present | punct |
| 60 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 present | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | a considerable number | those Ke au conj; present property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | Ke | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | apply | past | the strength of Mr.'s athletic arm to the lever of a Ramage press | after a little instruction by Loomis Mr. | who nsubj | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Theme | |||
| 4 | assist | to-infinitive | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | work off | gerund | a few impressions of the first lessons | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent impression=Material | |||||
| 6 | instruct | Loomis Mr. | nom instruction «communication transitive»: by=agent | ||||||
| 7 | impress | the first lessons | nom impression «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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