Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 25
King Liho-liho (Ka-meha-meha II) visited the press, saw a sheet of clean white paper laid over the type, then “pulled the lever around and was surprised to see the paper instantly covered with words in his own language.”
Who acts: King · What happens: visit, see, lay, pull around, be, cover · To what, where: press, sheet, clean white paper, type, lever, paper · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 visited | nsubj |
| 2 | Liho | Liho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 King | flat |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 liho | punct |
| 4 | liho | liho | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 King | appos |
| 5 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 6 Ka | punct |
| 6 | Ka | Ka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 liho | appos |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 meha | punct |
| 8 | meha | meha | X | Foreign=Yes | 6 Ka | dep |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 meha | punct |
| 10 | meha | meha | X | Foreign=Yes | 6 Ka | dep |
| 11 | II | II | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 Ka | flat |
| 12 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 6 Ka | punct |
| 13 | visited | visit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 press | det |
| 15 | press | press | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 visited | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 saw | punct |
| 17 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 visited | conj |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 sheet | det |
| 19 | sheet | sheet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 saw | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 paper | case |
| 21 | clean | clean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 paper | amod |
| 22 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 paper | amod |
| 23 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sheet | nmod |
| 24 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 paper | acl |
| 25 | over | over | ADP | _ | 27 type | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 type | det |
| 27 | type | type | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 laid | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 pulled | punct |
| 29 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 31 pulled | advmod |
| 30 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 pulled | punct |
| 31 | pulled | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 visited | parataxis |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 lever | det |
| 33 | lever | lever | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 pulled | obj |
| 34 | around | around | ADV | _ | 31 pulled | advmod |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 surprised | cc |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 surprised | cop |
| 37 | surprised | surprised | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 pulled | conj |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 see | mark |
| 39 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 surprised | xcomp |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 paper | det |
| 41 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 see | obj |
| 42 | instantly | instantly | ADV | _ | 43 covered | advmod |
| 43 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 paper | acl |
| 44 | with | with | ADP | _ | 45 words | case |
| 45 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 covered | obl |
| 46 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 language | case |
| 47 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 language | nmod:poss |
| 48 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 language | amod |
| 49 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 words | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 visited | punct |
| 51 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 visited | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | visit | past | King | the press | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see | past | King not said here | a sheet of clean white paper | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sheet=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | lay | participle | clean white paper not said here | the type | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent over type=Destination | ||||
| 4 | pull around in a quote | past | the lever | then | around property | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lever=Theme | |||
| 5 | is in a quote | past | surprised property | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | see in a quote | to-infinitive | the paper | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer paper=Stimulus | |||||
| 7 | cover in a quote | participle | the paper not said here | with words in king's own language; instantly property | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with word=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/20/25/