Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 3
They did not study the people or help them to study.
Who acts: Foreigners · What happens: not study, help, study · To what, where: people, Foreigners
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Foreigners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 study | nsubj |
| 2 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 study | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 study | advmod |
| 4 | study | study | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 people | det |
| 6 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 study | obj |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 help | cc |
| 8 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 study | conj |
| 9 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 help | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 study | mark |
| 11 | study | study | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 help | xcomp |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 study | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not study | past · do-support | Foreigners = foreigner | the people | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic | ||||
| 2 | help | infinitive | Foreigners = foreigner not said here | Foreigners = foreigner | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 3 | study | to-infinitive | Foreigners = foreigner not said here | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/20/3/