Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 39
March 9, 1822, at the request of the king and high chiefs a handbill, entitled, “Port Regulations,” was printed, probably to aid the rulers in quieting the differences which were continually arising with sea captains.
Who acts: handbill, differences · What happens: entitle, print, aid, quiet, arise, request · To what, where: Port Regulations, request, rulers, differences, king
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (handbill, differences), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | March | March | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 9 | nmod:unmarked |
| 2 | 9 | 9 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 printed | parataxis |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 1822 | punct |
| 4 | 1822 | 1822 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 9 | flat |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 request | punct |
| 6 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 request | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 request | det |
| 8 | request | request | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 printed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 king | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 king | det |
| 11 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 request | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 chiefs | cc |
| 13 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 chiefs | amod |
| 14 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 king | conj |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 handbill | det |
| 16 | handbill | handbill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 printed | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 entitled | punct |
| 18 | entitled | entitle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 handbill | acl:relcl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 Regulations | punct |
| 20 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 Regulations | punct |
| 21 | Port | port | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 Regulations | compound |
| 22 | Regulations | regulation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 entitled | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 entitled | punct |
| 24 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 handbill | punct |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 printed | aux:pass |
| 26 | printed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root | |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 aid | punct |
| 28 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 30 aid | advmod |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 aid | mark |
| 30 | aid | aid | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 26 printed | parataxis |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 rulers | det |
| 32 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 aid | obj |
| 33 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 34 quieting | mark |
| 34 | quieting | quiet | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 aid | advcl |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 differences | det |
| 36 | differences | difference | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 quieting | obj |
| 37 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 arising | nsubj |
| 38 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 arising | aux |
| 39 | continually | continually | ADV | _ | 40 arising | advmod |
| 40 | arising | arise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 differences | acl:relcl |
| 41 | with | with | ADP | _ | 43 captains | case |
| 42 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 captains | compound |
| 43 | captains | captain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 arising | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 printed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | entitle | past | a handbill not said here | Port Regulations | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | past · passive | the request of the king and high chiefs | 9 March parataxis; a handbill nsubj:pass | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 3 | aid | to-infinitive | the rulers | probably property | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ruler=Beneficiary | ||||
| 4 | quiet | gerund | the differences | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent difference=Patient | |||||
| 5 | arise | past · progressive | the differences | with sea captains; continually property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | request | the king and high chiefs | nom request «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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