Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 41
His previous knowledge of the similar language of Tahiti made it easy for him to learn Hawaiian.
Who acts: previous knowledge, knowledge · What happens: make, learn · To what, where: language, Hawaiian
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (previous knowledge, knowledge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 knowledge | nmod:poss |
| 2 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 knowledge | amod |
| 3 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 made | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 language | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 language | det |
| 6 | similar | similar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 language | amod |
| 7 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knowledge | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Tahiti | case |
| 9 | Tahiti | Tahiti | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 language | nmod |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 made | obj |
| 12 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 made | xcomp |
| 13 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 16 learn | mark |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 learn | nsubj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 learn | mark |
| 16 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 easy | advcl |
| 17 | Hawaiian | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 learn | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | Honolulu's previous knowledge of the similar language of Tahiti | language | easy property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | |||
| 2 | learn | to-infinitive | knowledge | Hawaiian | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hawaiian=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/20/41/