Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 53
A copy of these three gospels, bound in an elegant and substantial cover, was presented to Ka-pio-lani, the high chiefess who defied Pele on the brink of the pit-crater of Kilauea in 1825.
Who acts: high chiefess · What happens: bind, present, defy, copy · To what, where: three gospels, elegant cover, copy, Ka pio lani, Pele, brink
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (high chiefess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 copy | det |
| 2 | copy | copy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 presented | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 gospels | case |
| 4 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 6 gospels | det |
| 5 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 gospels | nummod |
| 6 | gospels | gospel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 copy | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 bound | punct |
| 8 | bound | bind | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 gospels | acl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 cover | case |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 cover | det |
| 11 | elegant | elegant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cover | amod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 substantial | cc |
| 13 | substantial | substantial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 elegant | conj |
| 14 | cover | cover | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 bound | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 copy | punct |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 presented | aux:pass |
| 17 | presented | present | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 lani | case |
| 19 | Ka | Ka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 lani | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 Ka | punct |
| 21 | pio | pio | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 lani | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 pio | punct |
| 23 | lani | lani | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 presented | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 chiefess | punct |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 chiefess | det |
| 26 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 chiefess | amod |
| 27 | chiefess | chiefess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 lani | appos |
| 28 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 defied | nsubj |
| 29 | defied | defy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 chiefess | acl:relcl |
| 30 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 defied | obj |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 brink | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 brink | det |
| 33 | brink | brink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 defied | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 crater | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 crater | det |
| 36 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 crater | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 pit | punct |
| 38 | crater | crater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 brink | nmod |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 Kilauea | case |
| 40 | Kilauea | Kilauea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 crater | nmod |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 1825 | case |
| 42 | 1825 | 1825 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 defied | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 presented | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bind | participle | this three gospels not said here | a elegant cover | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | present | past · passive | a copy of this three gospels | Ka pio lani | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to lani=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | defy | past | the high chiefess | Pele | the brink of the pit crater of Kilauea | in 1825 | tree rules | ||
| 4 | copy | this three gospels | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/20/53/