Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 57
Mr. Bingham says that it is the duty of the mission to complete a translation of the Bible in five years from this time and thinks that with circumstances as favourable as they now are it will be done.
Who acts: Bingham, prophecy, Bible · What happens: say, be, complete, think, do, translate · To what, where: duty, translation, circumstances · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bingham, prophecy, Bible), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mr. | Mr. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Bingham | nmod:desc |
| 2 | Bingham | Bingham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 duty | mark |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 duty | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 duty | cop |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 duty | det |
| 8 | duty | duty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | ccomp |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 mission | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 mission | det |
| 11 | mission | mission | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 duty | nmod |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 complete | mark |
| 13 | complete | complete | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 says | ccomp |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 translation | det |
| 15 | translation | translation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 complete | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 Bible | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Bible | det |
| 18 | Bible | Bible | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 translation | nmod |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 years | case |
| 20 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 years | nummod |
| 21 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 complete | obl |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 time | case |
| 23 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 time | det |
| 24 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 complete | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 thinks | cc |
| 26 | thinks | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 says | conj |
| 27 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 favourable | mark |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 circumstances | case |
| 29 | circumstances | circumstance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 favourable | nsubj |
| 30 | as | as | ADV | _ | 31 favourable | advmod |
| 31 | favourable | favourable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 thinks | ccomp |
| 32 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 39 done | mark |
| 33 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 done | nsubj |
| 34 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 39 done | advmod |
| 35 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 done | aux:pass |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 done | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 done | aux |
| 38 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 39 done | aux:pass |
| 39 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 favourable | advcl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Bingham Mr. | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | prophecy | the duty | of the mission | tree rules | |||
| 3 | complete | to-infinitive | a translation of the Bible | time; year | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent translation=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | think speech: other | present | Bingham Mr. not said here | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | do | present · passive | circumstances = circumstance | now | prophecy nsubj:pass | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | translate | the Bible | nom translation «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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