Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Hawaiian Printing, sentence 7
Boyd declined, saying, “The natives should be taught nothing that would render them independent of strangers.”
Who acts: Boyd · What happens: decline, say, teach, render · To what, where: natives · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Hawaiian Printing. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Boyd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Boyd | Boyd | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 declined | nsubj |
| 2 | declined | decline | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 saying | punct |
| 4 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 declined | advcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 nothing | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 taught | punct |
| 7 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 natives | det |
| 8 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 taught | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 taught | aux |
| 10 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 taught | aux:pass |
| 11 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 nothing | amod |
| 12 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 4 saying | ccomp |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 render | nsubj |
| 14 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 render | aux |
| 15 | render | render | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 nothing | acl:relcl |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 render | obj |
| 17 | independent | independent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 render | xcomp |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 strangers | case |
| 19 | strangers | stranger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 independent | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 declined | punct |
| 21 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 declined | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decline | past | Boyd | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | Boyd not said here | nothing ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | teach speech: other in a quote | should · passive | the natives | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 4 | render in a quote | would | natives = native | independent property | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/20/7/