Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 103
For that reason a new law was enacted stating that it “shall be the duty of the tax officer whenever he sees a man sitting idle or doing nothing on the free days of the people (i.e., the days, when they were not required to work for the king or chiefs) to take that man and set him at work for the government, and he shall work till night.”
Who acts: saying, man · What happens: enact, state, be, see, sit, do · To what, where: new law, duty, man, nothing, people, saying · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (saying, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 3 reason | case |
| 2 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 reason | det |
| 3 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 enacted | obl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 law | det |
| 5 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 law | amod |
| 6 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 enacted | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 enacted | aux:pass |
| 8 | enacted | enact | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | stating | state | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 enacted | xcomp |
| 10 | that | that | ADP | _ | 11 it | case |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 stating | obl |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 duty | punct |
| 13 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 duty | aux |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 duty | cop |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 duty | det |
| 16 | duty | duty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 stating | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 officer | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 officer | det |
| 19 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 officer | compound |
| 20 | officer | officer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 duty | nmod |
| 21 | whenever | whenever | SCONJ | _ | 23 sees | mark |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 sees | nsubj |
| 23 | sees | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 officer | acl:relcl |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 man | det |
| 25 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 sees | obj |
| 26 | sitting | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 man | acl |
| 27 | idle | idle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 sitting | xcomp |
| 28 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 29 doing | cc |
| 29 | doing | do | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 sitting | conj |
| 30 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 29 doing | obj |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 days | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 days | det |
| 33 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 days | amod |
| 34 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 doing | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 people | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 people | det |
| 37 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 days | nmod |
| 38 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 42 days | punct |
| 39 | i.e. | i.e. | ADV | _ | 42 days | advmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 days | punct |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 days | det |
| 42 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 sitting | obl:unmarked |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 required | punct |
| 44 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 48 required | advmod |
| 45 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 required | nsubj:pass |
| 46 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 required | aux:pass |
| 47 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 48 required | advmod |
| 48 | required | require | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 days | conj |
| 49 | to | to | PART | _ | 50 work | mark |
| 50 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 required | xcomp |
| 51 | for | for | ADP | _ | 53 king | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 king | det |
| 53 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 work | obl |
| 54 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 55 chiefs | cc |
| 55 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 king | conj |
| 56 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 42 days | punct |
| 57 | to | to | PART | _ | 58 take | mark |
| 58 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 sitting | advcl |
| 59 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 60 man | det |
| 60 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 take | obj |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 set | cc |
| 62 | set | set | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 58 take | conj |
| 63 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 62 set | obj |
| 64 | at | at | ADP | _ | 65 work | case |
| 65 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 set | obl |
| 66 | for | for | ADP | _ | 68 government | case |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 government | det |
| 68 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 set | obl |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 work | punct |
| 70 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 73 work | cc |
| 71 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 73 work | nsubj |
| 72 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 73 work | aux |
| 73 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 enacted | parataxis |
| 74 | till | till | ADP | _ | 75 night | case |
| 75 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 work | obl |
| 76 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 enacted | punct |
| 77 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 enacted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | enact | past · passive | a new law | for that reason | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | state speech: other | gerund | that accord | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | shall | the duty | of the tax officer | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | see in a quote | present | saying | a man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | sit in a quote | gerund | a man not said here | day | idle property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 6 | do in a quote | gerund | a man not said here | nothing | day | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality | |||
| 7 | not require in a quote | past · passive | people | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 8 | work in a quote | to-infinitive | for the king or chiefs | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for king=Beneficiary | |||||
| 9 | take in a quote | to-infinitive | a man not said here | that man | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument man=Destination | ||||
| 10 | set in a quote | infinitive | a man not said here | saying | work | for the government | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme at work=Destination | ||
| 11 | work in a quote | shall | saying | night | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/21/103/