Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 44
What has been called “The essence and glory of Magna Charta” reads as follows: “No freeman shall be taken, or imprisoned, or dis-seized, or outlawed, or banished, or anyways injured, nor will we pass upon him, nor send upon him, unless by the legal judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.”
Who acts: essence, we, Magna · What happens: call, read, follow, take, imprison, seize · To what, where: freeman, peers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (essence, we, Magna), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 called | obj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 called | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 called | aux:pass |
| 4 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 reads | advcl |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 essence | punct |
| 6 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 essence | det |
| 7 | essence | essence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 reads | nsubj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 glory | cc |
| 9 | glory | glory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 essence | conj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Magna | case |
| 11 | Magna | Magna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 glory | nmod |
| 12 | Charta | Charta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Magna | flat |
| 13 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 essence | punct |
| 14 | reads | read | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 follows | mark |
| 16 | follows | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 reads | advcl |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 taken | punct |
| 18 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 taken | punct |
| 19 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 20 freeman | det |
| 20 | freeman | freeman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 taken | aux |
| 22 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 taken | aux:pass |
| 23 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 reads | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 imprisoned | punct |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 imprisoned | cc |
| 26 | imprisoned | imprison | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 taken | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 seized | punct |
| 28 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 seized | cc |
| 29 | dis | dis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 seized | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 dis | punct |
| 31 | seized | seize | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 taken | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 outlawed | punct |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 outlawed | cc |
| 34 | outlawed | outlaw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 seized | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 banished | punct |
| 36 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 37 banished | cc |
| 37 | banished | banish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 outlawed | xcomp |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 injured | punct |
| 39 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 41 injured | cc |
| 40 | anyways | anyways | ADV | _ | 41 injured | advmod |
| 41 | injured | injured | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 banished | parataxis |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 pass | punct |
| 43 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 46 pass | cc |
| 44 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 pass | aux |
| 45 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 46 pass | nsubj |
| 46 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 reads | parataxis |
| 47 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 48 him | case |
| 48 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 pass | obl |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 send | punct |
| 50 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 51 send | cc |
| 51 | send | send | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 pass | conj |
| 52 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 53 him | case |
| 53 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 51 send | obl |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 judgment | punct |
| 55 | unless | unless | SCONJ | _ | 59 judgment | mark |
| 56 | by | by | ADP | _ | 59 judgment | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 judgment | det |
| 58 | legal | legal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 judgment | amod |
| 59 | judgment | judgment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 send | obl |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 62 peers | case |
| 61 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 62 peers | nmod:poss |
| 62 | peers | peer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 judgment | nmod |
| 63 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 66 law | cc |
| 64 | by | by | ADP | _ | 66 law | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 law | det |
| 66 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 peers | conj |
| 67 | of | of | ADP | _ | 69 land | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 land | det |
| 69 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 law | nmod |
| 70 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 46 pass | punct |
| 71 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 pass | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | present · perfect · passive | the essence and glory of Magna not said here | What obj | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: what=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | read | present | the essence and glory of Magna | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | follow | present | the essence and glory of Magna not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | take in a quote | shall · passive | no freeman | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 5 | imprison in a quote | participle | vn confine-92 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | seize in a quote | participle | dis compound | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | outlaw in a quote | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 8 | banish in a quote | participle | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 9 | pass in a quote | future | we | upon king | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon he=Location | ||||
| 10 | send in a quote | infinitive | we not said here | upon king; by the legal judgment of king's peers or the law of the land | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 11 | glory in a quote | Magna | nom glory «state intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 12 | judge in a quote | king's peers or the law of the land | nom judgment «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/21/44/