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Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 48

“In making laws for the nations, it is by no means proper to enact laws for the protection of the rulers only, without also providing protection for their subjects.”

Who acts: it · What happens: make, be, enact, provide, protect · To what, where: laws, protection, rulers · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

punctmarkcsubjobjcasedetoblpunctnsubjcopcaseoblxcompmarkxcompobjcasedetoblcasedetnmodadvmodpunctmarkadvmodccompobjcasenmod:possoblpunctpunctroot“PUNCTInSCONJmakingVERBlawsNOUNforADPtheDETnationsNOUN,PUNCTitPRONisAUXbyADPnoDETmeansVERBproperADJtoPARTenactVERBlawsNOUNforADPtheDETprotectionNOUNofADPtheDETrulersNOUNonlyADV,PUNCTwithoutSCONJalsoADVprovidingVERBprotectionNOUNforADPtheirPRONsubjectsNOUN.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1“"PUNCT_3 makingpunct
2IninSCONJ_3 makingmark
3makingmakeVERBVerbForm=Ger13 meanscsubj
4lawslawNOUNNumber=Plur3 makingobj
5forforADP_7 nationscase
6thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art7 nationsdet
7nationsnationNOUNNumber=Plur3 makingobl
8,,PUNCT_3 makingpunct
9ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs13 meansnsubj
10isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin13 meanscop
11bybyADP_12 nocase
12nonoDETPronType=Neg13 meansobl
13meansmeanVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
14properproperADJDegree=Pos13 meansxcomp
15totoPART_16 enactmark
16enactenactVERBVerbForm=Inf14 properxcomp
17lawslawNOUNNumber=Plur16 enactobj
18forforADP_20 protectioncase
19thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 protectiondet
20protectionprotectionNOUNNumber=Sing16 enactobl
21ofofADP_23 rulerscase
22thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art23 rulersdet
23rulersrulerNOUNNumber=Plur20 protectionnmod
24onlyonlyADV_23 rulersadvmod
25,,PUNCT_28 providingpunct
26withoutwithoutSCONJ_28 providingmark
27alsoalsoADV_28 providingadvmod
28providingprovideVERBVerbForm=Ger13 meansccomp
29protectionprotectionNOUNNumber=Sing28 providingobj
30forforADP_32 subjectscase
31theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs32 subjectsnmod:poss
32subjectssubjectNOUNNumber=Plur28 providingobl
33..PUNCT_28 providingpunct
34”"PUNCT_28 providingpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1make in a quotegerundlawsfor the nationsvn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent law=Product for nation=Asset
2is in a quotepresentitby no; mean, proper propertytree rules
3enact in a quoteto-infinitivelawsfor the protection of the rulersvn performance-26.7 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent law=Theme for protection=Beneficiary
4provide in a quotegerundprotectionfor law's subjectsvn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition protection=Theme for subject=Beneficiary
5protect in a quotethe rulersnom protection «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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