Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 64
“If any parents have five, six, or more children, whom they support ... then these parents shall by no means be required to pay any poll, land or labour tax until their children are old enough to work, which is at fourteen years of age.”
Who acts: parents, more children, children · What happens: have, support, mean, require, pay, be · To what, where: five, poll · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (parents, more children, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 means | punct |
| 2 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 5 have | mark |
| 3 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 parents | det |
| 4 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 have | nsubj |
| 5 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 shall | advcl |
| 6 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 have | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 six | punct |
| 8 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 five | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 support | punct |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 support | cc |
| 11 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 12 children | amod |
| 12 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 support | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 support | punct |
| 14 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 support | obj |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 support | nsubj |
| 16 | support | support | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 have | conj |
| 17 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 5 have | punct |
| 18 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 parents | advmod |
| 19 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 20 parents | det |
| 20 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 shall | nsubj |
| 21 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 means | nsubj |
| 22 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 no | case |
| 23 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 21 shall | obl |
| 24 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 25 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 26 required | aux:pass |
| 26 | required | require | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 means | ccomp |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 pay | mark |
| 28 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 required | xcomp |
| 29 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 30 poll | det |
| 30 | poll | poll | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 pay | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 land | punct |
| 32 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 poll | appos |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 35 tax | cc |
| 34 | labour | labour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 tax | compound |
| 35 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 poll | conj |
| 36 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 40 old | mark |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 children | nmod:poss |
| 38 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 old | nsubj |
| 39 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 old | cop |
| 40 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 pay | advcl |
| 41 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 40 old | advmod |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 work | mark |
| 43 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 old | advcl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 years | punct |
| 45 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 49 years | nsubj |
| 46 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 years | cop |
| 47 | at | at | ADP | _ | 49 years | case |
| 48 | fourteen | fourteen | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 49 years | nummod |
| 49 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 work | obl |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 age | case |
| 51 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 years | nmod |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 means | punct |
| 53 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 means | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | any parents | five | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent five=Patient | ||||
| 2 | support in a quote | present | more children | whom obj; children = child nsubj | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | mean in a quote | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | require in a quote | infinitive · passive | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: clause=Precondition | ||||||
| 5 | pay in a quote | to-infinitive | any poll or labour tax | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poll=Asset | |||||
| 6 | is in a quote | present | tax's children | enough, old property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | work in a quote | to-infinitive | tax's children not said here | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | is in a quote | present | at fourteen years; of age | which nsubj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/21/64/