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Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 79

The chiefs were exhorted “to disperse those lazy persons who live in hordes around you, through whom heavy burdens are imposed upon your labouring tenants.”

Who acts: lazy persons · What happens: exhort, disperse, live, impose, labour · To what, where: chiefs, lazy persons, hordes, heavy burdens · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lazy persons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detnsubj:passaux:passpunctmarkparataxisdetamodobjnsubjacl:relclcaseoblcaseoblpunctcaseoblamodnsubjaux:passaclcasenmod:possamodoblpunctpunctrootTheDETchiefsNOUNwereAUXexhortedVERB“PUNCTtoPARTdisperseVERBthoseDETlazyADJpersonsNOUNwhoPRONliveVERBinADPhordesNOUNaroundADPyouPRON,PUNCTthroughADPwhomPRONheavyADJburdensNOUNareAUXimposedVERBuponADPyourPRONlabouringVERBtenantsNOUN.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 chiefsdet
2chiefschiefNOUNNumber=Plur4 exhortednsubj:pass
3werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 exhortedaux:pass
4exhortedexhortVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
5“"PUNCT_7 dispersepunct
6totoPART_7 dispersemark
7dispersedisperseVERBMood=Imp VerbForm=Fin4 exhortedparataxis
8thosethatDETNumber=Plur PronType=Dem10 personsdet
9lazylazyADJDegree=Pos10 personsamod
10personspersonNOUNNumber=Plur7 disperseobj
11whowhoPRONPronType=Rel12 livensubj
12liveliveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin10 personsacl:relcl
13ininADP_14 hordescase
14hordeshordeNOUNNumber=Plur12 liveobl
15aroundaroundADP_16 youcase
16youyouPRONCase=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs12 liveobl
17,,PUNCT_23 imposedpunct
18throughthroughADP_19 whomcase
19whomwhomPRONPronType=Rel23 imposedobl
20heavyheavyADJDegree=Pos21 burdensamod
21burdensburdenNOUNNumber=Plur23 imposednsubj
22arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin23 imposedaux:pass
23imposedimposeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass10 personsacl
24uponuponADP_27 tenantscase
25youryourPRONCase=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs27 tenantsnmod:poss
26labouringlabourVERBVerbForm=Ger27 tenantsamod
27tenantstenantNOUNNumber=Plur23 imposedobl
28..PUNCT_7 dispersepunct
29”"PUNCT_7 dispersepunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1exhortpast · passivethe chiefsvn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2disperse in a quoteto-infinitivethat lazy personsvn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent person=Patient
3live in a quotepresentthat lazy personshordesaround youvn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in horde=Location
4impose in a quotepresent · passiveheavy burdensthrough that lazy persons; upon your labouring tenantsvn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
5labour in a quotegerundvn work-73.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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