Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 81
It is well known that laws are applied sermons, but these laws are sometimes primarily sermons, as the introduction to Act III well says: “A portion of this law is simply instruction and a portion is direct law.
Who acts: laws, introduction, portion · What happens: know, apply, be, act, say · To what, where: industrious poor, laws, sermons, III, instruction, direct law · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (laws, introduction, portion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 known | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 known | aux:pass |
| 3 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 known | advmod |
| 4 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 says | ccomp |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 applied | mark |
| 6 | laws | law | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 applied | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 applied | aux:pass |
| 8 | applied | apply | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 known | advcl |
| 9 | sermons | sermon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 applied | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 sermons | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 sermons | cc |
| 12 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 laws | det |
| 13 | laws | law | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 sermons | nsubj |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 sermons | cop |
| 15 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 17 sermons | advmod |
| 16 | primarily | primarily | ADV | _ | 17 sermons | advmod |
| 17 | sermons | sermon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 known | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 introduction | punct |
| 19 | as | as | ADP | _ | 21 introduction | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 introduction | det |
| 21 | introduction | introduction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 known | parataxis |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 Act | case |
| 23 | Act | act | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 introduction | acl |
| 24 | III | III | NUM | NumForm=Roman NumType=Card | 23 Act | obj |
| 25 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 23 Act | advmod |
| 26 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 27 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 36 instruction | punct |
| 28 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 instruction | punct |
| 29 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 portion | det |
| 30 | portion | portion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 instruction | nsubj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 law | case |
| 32 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 33 law | det |
| 33 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 portion | nmod |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 instruction | cop |
| 35 | simply | simply | ADV | _ | 36 instruction | advmod |
| 36 | instruction | instruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 says | ccomp |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 law | cc |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 portion | det |
| 39 | portion | portion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 law | nsubj |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 law | cop |
| 41 | direct | direct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 law | amod |
| 42 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 instruction | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present · passive | industrious poor = poor | the introduction parataxis; well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | apply | present · passive | laws | sermons obj | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme sermon=Destination | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | this laws | sermons | primarily, sometimes property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | act | infinitive | the introduction not said here | III | well property | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent iii=Eventuality | |||
| 5 | say speech: assert | present | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 6 | is a in a quote | present | a portion of this law | instruction and direct law | simply property | tree rules | |||
| 7 | is a in a quote | present | a portion | direct law | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/21/81/