Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 88
The words are peculiar, “If the people of any village, township, district, or state consider themselves afflicted by any particular evils in consequence of there being no law which is applicable ... then they may devise a law which will remedy their difficulties.
Who acts: words, law · What happens: be, consider, afflict, devise, remedy · To what, where: peculiar, words, law, difficulties · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (words, law), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 words | det |
| 2 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 peculiar | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 peculiar | cop |
| 4 | peculiar | peculiar | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 people | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 people | punct |
| 7 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 9 people | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 people | det |
| 9 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 peculiar | appos |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 village | case |
| 11 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 village | det |
| 12 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 people | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 township | punct |
| 14 | township | township | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 village | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 district | punct |
| 16 | district | district | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 village | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 consider | punct |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 consider | cc |
| 19 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 consider | compound |
| 20 | consider | consider | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 peculiar | parataxis |
| 21 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 20 consider | obj |
| 22 | afflicted | afflict | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 consider | xcomp |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 evils | case |
| 24 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 evils | det |
| 25 | particular | particular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 evils | amod |
| 26 | evils | evil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 afflicted | obl |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 consequence | case |
| 28 | consequence | consequence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 evils | nmod |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 law | case |
| 30 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 33 law | expl |
| 31 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 law | cop |
| 32 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 33 law | det |
| 33 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 consequence | nmod |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 applicable | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 applicable | cop |
| 36 | applicable | applicable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 law | acl:relcl |
| 37 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 41 devise | punct |
| 38 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 41 devise | advmod |
| 39 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 devise | nsubj |
| 40 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 devise | aux |
| 41 | devise | devise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 consider | conj |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 law | det |
| 43 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 devise | obj |
| 44 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 remedy | nsubj |
| 45 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 remedy | aux |
| 46 | remedy | remedy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 law | acl:relcl |
| 47 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 difficulties | nmod:poss |
| 48 | difficulties | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 remedy | obj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 peculiar | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the words | peculiar | the people of any village and township and district appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | consider in a quote | present | words = word | state compound | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent themselves=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 3 | afflict in a quote | participle | by any particular evils in consequence | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | gerund | there | of no law | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | no law | applicable property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | devise in a quote | may | law | a law | then | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Patient | |||
| 7 | remedy in a quote | future | a law | law's difficulties | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent difficulty=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/21/88/