Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 24
Against their armed possession of any part of the islands King Ka-meha-meha made strong objection, but, according to the statements of sailors, the Russian flag was used by the high chief of Kauai until finally displaced by the Hawaiian flag.
Who acts: high chief, Russians · What happens: make, accord, use, displace, possess, state · To what, where: Russian flag, part, sailors
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (high chief, Russians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Against | against | ADP | _ | 4 possession | case |
| 2 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 possession | nmod:poss |
| 3 | armed | armed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 possession | amod |
| 4 | possession | possession | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 part | case |
| 6 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 part | det |
| 7 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 possession | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 islands | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 islands | det |
| 10 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 part | nmod |
| 11 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 possession | appos |
| 12 | Ka | Ka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 King | flat |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 meha | punct |
| 14 | meha | meha | X | Foreign=Yes | 11 King | dep |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 meha | punct |
| 16 | meha | meha | X | Foreign=Yes | 14 meha | flat:foreign |
| 17 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 objection | amod |
| 18 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 objection | amod |
| 19 | objection | objection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 meha | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 statements | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 statements | cc |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 statements | punct |
| 23 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 statements | case |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 according | fixed |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 statements | det |
| 26 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 King | conj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 sailors | case |
| 28 | sailors | sailor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 statements | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 used | punct |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 flag | det |
| 31 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 flag | amod |
| 32 | flag | flag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 used | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 used | aux:pass |
| 34 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 statements | acl:relcl |
| 35 | by | by | ADP | _ | 38 chief | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 chief | det |
| 37 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 chief | amod |
| 38 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 used | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 Kauai | case |
| 40 | Kauai | Kauai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 chief | nmod |
| 41 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 43 displaced | mark |
| 42 | finally | finally | ADV | _ | 43 displaced | advmod |
| 43 | displaced | displace | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 used | advcl |
| 44 | by | by | ADP | _ | 47 flag | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 flag | det |
| 46 | Hawaiian | hawaiian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 flag | amod |
| 47 | flag | flag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 displaced | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 possession | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | participle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||||
| 2 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | use | past · passive | the high chief of Kauai | the Russian flag | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 4 | displace | participle | the high chief of Kauai not said here | by the Hawaiian flag; finally property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | possess | Russians = russian | any part of the islands | nom possession «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient | |||||
| 7 | state | sailors | nom statement «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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