Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 28
But there was a limit beyond which the lawless element did not dare to pass.
Who acts: limit, lawless element · What happens: be, not dare, not pass
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (limit, lawless element), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 was | cc |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 was | expl |
| 3 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 limit | det |
| 5 | limit | limit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 was | nsubj |
| 6 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 7 which | case |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 dare | obl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 element | det |
| 9 | lawless | lawless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 element | amod |
| 10 | element | element | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 dare | nsubj |
| 11 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 dare | aux |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 dare | advmod |
| 13 | dare | dare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 limit | acl:relcl |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 pass | mark |
| 15 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 dare | xcomp |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | a limit | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not dare | past · do-support | the lawless element | beyond a limit | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | not pass | to-infinitive | the lawless element not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/22/28/