Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 56
In 1842 and 1843 Mr. Charlton, an English consul, made trouble for the Hawaiian chiefs by laying claim to a very valuable piece of land in Honolulu, which the chiefs claimed could not possibly have been given to him by the rightful owners.
Who acts: English consul, chiefs, rightful owners · What happens: make, lay, claim, not give · To what, where: trouble, claim, Honolulu, 1842 · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English consul, chiefs, rightful owners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1842 | case |
| 2 | 1842 | 1842 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | root | root |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 1843 | cc |
| 4 | 1843 | 1843 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 1842 | conj |
| 5 | Mr. | Mr. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Charlton | nmod:desc |
| 6 | Charlton | Charlton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 1842 | nmod:unmarked |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 consul | punct |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 consul | det |
| 9 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 consul | amod |
| 10 | consul | consul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Charlton | appos |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 made | punct |
| 12 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 consul | acl |
| 13 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 made | obj |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 chiefs | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 chiefs | det |
| 16 | Hawaiian | hawaiian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 chiefs | amod |
| 17 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 made | obl |
| 18 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 19 laying | mark |
| 19 | laying | lay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 made | advcl |
| 20 | claim | claim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 laying | obj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 piece | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 piece | det |
| 23 | very | very | ADV | _ | 24 valuable | advmod |
| 24 | valuable | valuable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 piece | amod |
| 25 | piece | piece | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 laying | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 land | case |
| 27 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 piece | nmod |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 Honolulu | case |
| 29 | Honolulu | Honolulu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 laying | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 claimed | punct |
| 31 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 claimed | obj |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 chiefs | det |
| 33 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 claimed | nsubj |
| 34 | claimed | claim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 Honolulu | acl:relcl |
| 35 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 given | aux |
| 36 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 40 given | advmod |
| 37 | possibly | possibly | ADV | _ | 40 given | advmod |
| 38 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 40 given | aux |
| 39 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 40 given | aux:pass |
| 40 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 claimed | ccomp |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 him | case |
| 42 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 given | obl |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 46 owners | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 owners | det |
| 45 | rightful | rightful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 owners | amod |
| 46 | owners | owner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 given | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 Charlton | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | participle | a English consul not said here | trouble | for the Hawaiian chiefs | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent trouble=Product for chief=Asset | |||
| 2 | lay | gerund | a English consul not said here | claim | Honolulu | to a valuable piece of land | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent claim=Theme in honolulu=Destination | ||
| 3 | claim speech: other | past | the chiefs | Honolulu | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not give | could · perfect · passive | the rightful owners | Honolulu | possibly property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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