Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 78
Monday forenoon, “a parade of several hundred English marines appeared on the plain of Honolulu (now known as Thomas Square), with their officers, their banners waving proudly and their arms glittering in the sunbeams.
Who acts: Monday forenoon, banners, arms · What happens: appear, know, wave, glitter · To what, where: plain, sunbeams
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Monday forenoon, banners, arms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Monday | Monday | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 forenoon | compound |
| 2 | forenoon | forenoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 appeared | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 parade | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 parade | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 parade | det |
| 6 | parade | parade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 forenoon | appos |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 marines | case |
| 8 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 marines | amod |
| 9 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 marines | nummod |
| 10 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 marines | compound |
| 11 | marines | marine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 parade | nmod |
| 12 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 plain | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 plain | det |
| 15 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 appeared | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 Honolulu | case |
| 17 | Honolulu | Honolulu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 plain | appos |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 known | punct |
| 19 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 known | advmod |
| 20 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 Honolulu | parataxis |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 23 Square | case |
| 22 | Thomas | Thomas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Square | compound |
| 23 | Square | Square | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 known | obl |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 known | punct |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 officers | punct |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 officers | case |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 officers | nmod:poss |
| 28 | officers | officer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 appeared | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 banners | punct |
| 30 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 banners | nmod:poss |
| 31 | banners | banner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 officers | conj |
| 32 | waving | wave | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 banners | acl |
| 33 | proudly | proudly | ADV | _ | 32 waving | advmod |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 glittering | cc |
| 35 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 arms | nmod:poss |
| 36 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 glittering | nsubj |
| 37 | glittering | glitter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 waving | conj |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 sunbeams | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 sunbeams | det |
| 40 | sunbeams | sunbeam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 glittering | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 appeared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear in a quote | past | Monday forenoon | the plain | with marines's officers and officers's banners | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on plain=Location | |||
| 2 | know in a quote | participle | now | as Thomas Square | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as square=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | wave in a quote | gerund | officers's banners not said here | proudly property | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | glitter in a quote | gerund | banners's arms | the sunbeams | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sunbeam=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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